
By Andy Xie, guest economist to Caijing and board member of Rosetta Stone Advisors
(Caijing Magazine) The Fed announced recently that it would buy US$ 1.25 trillion of Treasuries, commercial papers and mortgage papers. Its balance sheet has doubled from the pre-crisis level of about US$ 900 billion. This program could triple its balance sheet from the pre-crisis level. The Fed has promised to contract its balance as soon as the economy is strong enough or inflation shows up. But it is unlikely that the expansion could all be reversed. If at the end the Fed’s balance sheet merely doubles rather than triples, the dollar’s value would still halve, ceteris paribus.
However, if other central banks print money to keep their currencies from appreciating against the dollar – a likely scenario – other currencies would experience downward pressure. The equilibrium for the global currency market could end up being rotating devaluation, which would anchor inflation in all major economies. I still think that the central path for the global economy is stagflation. Fiscal stimulus and inflation may trigger a bounce in the global economy in the second half of 2009. However, it is a head fake. The global economy could have a second dip in 2010 when inflation emerges to blunt the effectiveness of monetary stimulus. In particular, bond yields could surge around the world. The real bottom for asset prices may be in 2010.
After the Fed announcement the dollar made a record weekly drop, treasury yield and mortgage interest rate dropped sharply. The market responses were what the Fed intended. As long as the market think that the Fed’s monetary expansion is bound by its announcement, i.e., the dilution of the dollar is limited, the market can price in the new value of the dollar. Other asset prices move according to what the Fed does with the money from diluting the dollar.
The motivation for the Fed’s policy is to stabilize property price. The Fed has so far focused on stabilizing the financial system through guarantees on the assets held by and loans to troubled financial institutions. Even though it has achieved some success in that regard, it has had no meaningful benefit for the economy. The